Culture
Over the course of many millennia since the Urartu period, Armenia's cultural development has faced enormous challenges. But even the country's long struggles against powerful invaders from east and west did not dampen the people's spirit or destroy their culture. Rather, those spiritual and material battles brought out the Armenian genius in art, culture, and survival.
Mute witnesses of Urartu grandeur are the two fortress-cities inside present-day Yerevan: Erebuni and Teyshebaini. Archeologists in their excavations of these sites have found materials that provide insights into ancient methods for working with bronze, iron, and gold. They also identified many objects of wood, leather, wool, flax used by the military in wartime and by the general population in peacetime.